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Illegal Immigrants Are Undermining The Businesses Of America In Every State They Move Into
January 13, 2011 | 
Author Why do we always hear from the advocates of immigration reform that the illegal immigrants only do the jobs other American workers refuse to do. It is only vaguely true when you speak of farm workers in border states. 85% of illegal immigrants go to every state in the union and are undercutting the wages of almost all jobs that do not require a degree of some kind. Especially carpenters, masons, electricians, plumbers, and every other manual labor job that historically have been used by men and women to raise their families and build a country where everyone is equal under the law. Under the law is the important point here.. The wages have been driven down by illegals willing to work for less and then sending money back to Mexico to bring others here. They clog our hospitals, schools, Medicare and Medicaid systems, require special language classes and teachers. If they apply in Spanish they don’t even ask them for social security numbers or proof of citizenship. The lowest estimates are that their are over 12 million illegals in this country right now. They are costing us hundreds of billions of dollars every year and it is getting worse all the time. If we are ever to get a handle on the flow of illegals into our borders we must make examples of the ones we catch and arrest or hold.
We must make them more afraid of breaking the law. If they are caught, they must be photographed and fingerprinted and immediately deported. They are then put on notice that if they try to come in again illegally they will be barred from ever becoming citizens again. No matter if they then try to come legally, they will be refused entrance. If they commit crimes here, then they go to jail for 5 to 25 years and then they are deported for good. This must be stopped by any means necessary and we should use the same measures Mexico does for people entering their country illegally. The Mexican police and local officials are reportedly so corrupt that they more or less do whatever they want to do. The Mexicans themselves guide people willing to pay across the border and usually desert them on the other side. They prey upon their own people. It is a serious problem that demands strong measures to curtail it. The other side of it is that their are many good people that came here many years ago and have tried to lead good lives and behave according to our laws and be good citizens. They learn the language and pay taxes if they can without being deported. It is for us to try and set up boards comprised of retired businessmen and women not affiliated with either party to try and decide legal issues related to who is eligible to become citizens. It is a very delicate problem but we must try to solve it somehow. It is impossible to let them all stay here as it will cause extreme hardship on every system we have, as well as cost billions of dollars we do not have.
It is time we really put teeth into our punishment of employers who try and circumvent the law and hire illegals because they can pay them less than American workers who need those jobs. This is happening all across America in many different trades. The business owners must be punished with laws that have some teeth in them and immediately. They are cheating the whole country by selfishly trying to save a few dollars an hour less than they can pay American workers. How many of our unemployed workers are let go, to hire cheaper labor from illegal immigrants? It is happening all across America in all kinds of industries and trades. Our schools are having to hire Spanish speaking teachers to teach children who are illegal and no one in their families speak English. Why are they enrolled in our schools if they do not know the language we all use in everyday life. Why are our hospital emergency rooms always filled with illegals needing medical care. This is going on across the nation in hospitals everywhere. The people who are working towards the New World Order are trying to force illegals into the voting booths across America to stack the deck for the progressive movement. They don’t care a bit for those immigrants. All they want is a solid voting bloc so they can force legislation through the congress and senate to suit their plans. The progressives don’t give a hoot about the poor either. If you really want to know what they are driving at then go to the website ( Zeitguiest: the federal reserve )
The New World Order fanatic, George Soros, has been planning an orderly decline in our economy for years now. He has said so publicly many times in many different venues. They could care less about the poor and disenfranchised. They want to bring the United States down to the level of the third world countries so we will all be in the same boat. George Soros has stated many times that his aim is to bring America down to the level of the world around us. All except those billionaires and people who made it happen will be sitting on top when it all comes crashing down. This has been planned for many years by Soros and others who will sit at the top like the Gods they believe themselves to be. Immigration is a side issue they are using to take peoples attention while they work in the background. It also serves their purpose to have immigrants voting for them, thinking they will help them. They are masters of deception and have been planning for just the time they would have control of both houses and the Presidency. They force issues under a health care bill that has very little to do with improving health care. It is a maze of laws, rules, regulations to cripple our economy and stall business growth. We are now finding out just how badly this bill destroys things from within. It must have been years in the making by teams of lawyers dedicated to bringing down our economy. It is time to wake up America to the truth of what has been going on by people who think of all this as a game. The illegal immigrants are just one small part of all this but an important part. It is a very good distraction from what is really going on. They use it to keep our attention away from what this administration, and the lame duck session is doing. Another one is the airline searches and patting down people are being subjected to, and photographed by camera’s that see through clothes. They want to play it up big so peoples attention is not on what they are doing behind the scenes.
The Soros people are working to tear down our economy bit by bit and slowly devalue our currency’s to the rest of the world’s value. They want the United States to become as poor as the third world countries. Now Harry Reid plans to subvert our constitution by allowing illegals to become citizens under the ” Dream Act”. And then bring their families along with free college as a reward for entering this country illegally. It will open the floodgates for every illegal alien to become citizens just so they can get their votes for next election cycle. That is all they really care about, get out the votes and soon that won’t even matter. They are planning to disassemble our government from within. Please read up on George Soros and his past. He has spelled out his plans many times, openly to many differing audiences. It is all a matter of record. It may even now be too late, but we have to try to stop them. This has been planned for a long time behind the scenes with the Tides foundation, the Apollo Alliance, the groups George Soros has used to bring down four other countries before this. They use crisis after crisis and problem after problem to disguise what they are really doing by passing innocuous sounding bills with innocent sounding names. That’s what Soros teaches, use names the opposite of what they are doing. Immigration is a hot issue for American’s and it diverts attention while they plan and use other means to gain control of America. The illegal immigrants are slowly destroying the pay scales of every labor intensive job we have. They take the earning power away from every American worker that has been raising their families on wages they are driving down across the board. It does not matter that most are hard working people who left Mexico to better themselves and their families by coming here. The problem is that they are flooding the market and trying to undercut many American jobs to get work and send the money out of the country to bring in more of them. My heart goes out to them but we must first take care of our own. Then we may be able to help others.
The people to place blame on for the mess we are in, is the politicians, who try and serve the money men who contribute to their re-election campaigns. We have to make it unprofitable for people to stay in careers in government. They come here to do certain jobs, and when they accomplish that, then they should go home and earn livings in their communities. The career politicians must be put out, before they try to profit from their offices. We need term limits and we need them enforced. Their are lots of good people here in this country who are willing to come and serves for a few years and then go back home. We do not want the kind of people who get here and want to profit from their service and ruin things for the next ones coming in. Remember what Jesus said: Man is evil in his heart beyond measure. If you don’t know history, you are bound to repeat it. It has all happened before many times. It has gone on since before Babylonian times. The tower of Babel was the first one. God confounded their languages so they could not plot against him as they started to do once they got together. Man will always try to tear down what is in place, to replace it with what he believes will be better for himself. He will always try and subject others to his will. We have enough problems dealing with other countries, and the malcontents rising up from within our own ranks. Those should be deported if they do not like what we have here. Once America is gone, where will they go to try and make changes without winding up in camps or crematoriums.
Wake up America or you will turn around one day and wonder just what has happened. Where is my country and what happened to freedom of speech or the law?. Who is left to protect my rights? Where do I go to find the truth when they control all means of communication and the internet. When did they pass all these laws and restrictions on my rights? Who do I turn to for protection of my family and property? When did all this happen? Who is in charge of America? Don’t ever say it cannot happen here because it can, and will, unless people stand up and demand answers from their elected officials. If you do not like what they say, then throw them out and get involved to elect good people. Force them to act and impeach those who will not carry out the demands of the electorate. We have the tools, all we need is the will to do it. Don’t ever say you are too busy to fight for your rights. Your children s futures are on the line. Their are good people in every community and they are fairly well known to neighbors and friends. Why not approach them with offers to run for local offices. Their are members of school boards and local town officials who can be persuaded to go for higher office. State congressional or senatorial office holders that are doing a good job. You or other family members that see what is going on in Washington and are angry enough to do something about it.
Does anyone remember the little story that went like this
I lived in my hometown with no trouble at all when all of a sudden things started to happen.
First they came for the communists, but I was not a communist, so I did nothing.
Then they came for the Jews, but since I was not a Jew, I did nothing.
Then they came for all the blacks, but since I was not black, I did nothing.
Then they came for the Catholics, but I was not Catholic, so I did nothing.
Then they came for the Hispanics, but I was not Hispanic, so I did nothing.
Then one day they came for me. Then when I looked around for someone to help me,
There was no one around, so they took me away and I was gone.
Think about that for a while, as they take your rights away, one by one.
Is your job security that important that you would let them run your life and make you a slave?. Tell you how and where to live, and how much you will make, and what your children will be?
Are you a good lawyer that knows our system of case law is corrupt, and we need to try ways to go back to Constitutional law. Every case should be decided according to the Constitution and not by how the last case was decided. We need people to decide business law based on the Constitution and not foreign laws based on where the company is located. If people want to do business here they must abide by our laws and customs. Their are many people out there who could run for office with goals they want to accomplish and when they are done, go back home to the private sector and make a living. We have had enough of career politicians that have never worked at a job or run a business telling the rest of us how to live and get along. It is time to stop the flood of people coming in and the hemorrhage of money going out to bring more of them in. The strain on our economy is devastating. Between medical cost’s, school cost’s, and welfare cost’s it will break the back of every industry in America and has already put millions of American’s out of work. Please check out everything I have said on the internet. It is all there and all you have to do is look. Please disprove everything I say. Make me a liar, I dare you too. Now it is up to each and every one of us to call, write, e-mail, telegram, and in every way make our voices heard in Washington. We can change things if we try. God Bless America
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Posted in Latino Politics | 
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Hialeah Florida
Hialeah, Fl, the “City of Progress” is located upon a larger prairie between Biscayne Bay and the Everglades. The name Hialeah is translated as “pretty prairie” or “Upland Parries”. The Seminole interpretation of its name, “High Prairie” the area is home to the Seminole Indian tribe. The area was discovered by Missouri cattleman James Bright and Glenn Curtiss who was a pioneer aviator.
The culture of today’s Seminole Tribe of Florida can be traced back at least 12,000 years. In the early day of its existence, the US government carried out a policy of displacement and extermination against the American Indians in the east US systematically removing them from the path of “white “settlement. Two legendary leaders Osceola and Abaca. Osceola masterminded successful battles against five baffled general. Murdered the US Indian agent, took punitive action against any who cooperated with the white man and stood as a national manifestation of the Seminole’s strong reputation for non surrender… though his exploits were not so well published Seminole medicine man Abiaka may have been more important to the internal Seminole war machine. He was a powerful spiritual leader who used his medicine to stir warriors into frenzy. For all of the resistance the Seminoles began the 20th centaury where they had been left at the conclusion of the Seminole Wars, in abject poverty and hiding out in remote camps in the wet wilderness areas of South Florida. The tribe has matured both politically and financially and the challenge of maintaining the unique Seminole culture while operating in the mainstream economy is the priority for them today. Until 1821 Florida was under the control of the government of Spain.
Entertainment was plentiful in Hialeah during the decade known as the “Roaring 20′s” The Spanish sport of jai-alai and greyhound racing drew visitors from far and near. Even the 1926 hurricane that nearly destroyed the city those who believed in the future of Hialeah could not be deterred.
Hialeah Park racetrack opened in 1925 and is one of the oldest existing recreational facilities in southern Florida. Racing drew spectators and competing stables from all around. When the facility was severely damaged by a hurricane in 1926. Philadelphia horseman Joseph Widener and Kentucky horseman Col Edward Bradley hired architect Lester Deisler to design a complete new grandstand and a clubhouse in the Renaissance Revival style. Beautiful landscaped gardens with native plants and a lake in the infield stocked with flamingos. When is opened again in 1932 it was considered one of the most beautiful in the world and became so famous for the flamingos that is has been officially designate d a sanctuary for them by the Audubon society. The track is gone but the flamingoes remain in this park which was once considered one of the world’s most beautiful racetracks.
The flamingo Stakes race was an important stepping stone to the Kentucky Derby for 3 year old horses. The well known cult classic horse racing movie “Let it Ride” with Richard Dreyfuss, Terri Garr, JenniferTilly had most of its principal outdoor scenes at Hialeah Park.
The Hialeah Park Racetrack was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and was determined to be eligible as a National Historic Landmark. The park closed to the public in 2001 but the facilities remain intact except for the stables. Since the closing citizens to Save Hialeah Park Race Track have worked to preserve it. They offer this quote ” the Park was once the most beautiful rack track in the world, it marks the beginnings of the city of Hialeah and its founders, features a unique central park area, and is a symbolic resting place for the horses that raced there and the millions of people who once cheered from the clubhouse and grandstand. Hialeah Park is the city’s most evident and only historical link with the rest of the nation. It deserves nothing less than to be completely restored and preserved” What the fans will miss the most is the ritual after the seventh race, the flight of the flamingos. The quality of racing in general in the area was adversely affected when Hialeah did not open up the backside to accommodate 1,000 to 1,300 horses from all around the country who were normally stabled there. This reduced the number of horses coming into the area to race.
From a population of 1500 in 1925 Hialeah has grown at a rate faster than most of the ten largest cities in Florida. Predominantly Hispanic, Hialeah resident s has assimilated their cultural heritage and traditions into a hard working diverse community. Citizens are proud of their ethnic background and strive to keep neighborhoods family oriented.
Nearly 92% of the populations are Spanish speakers The city was once proposed to be a playground for the rich but in 1959 Cuban exiles flooded in a finished building this working class community. Several waves of Cuban exiles streamed in after Castor’s takeover in Cuba in 1959. There were even more in the Freedom Flights, the boat lifts and the desperate boat people who in the late 1990′s set out in any possible conveyance to try to reach our shores. They have created a very successful economy and industry that has seen continued growth.
The city’s first slogan was “All Ways Lead to Hialeah”. From the beginning Glenn Curtiss and James Bright knew of the potential of the area but could not have imagined how important Hialeah’s location would be for transportation. Hialeah has access to every major means of transportation. The I-75 and the Palmetto Pwky direct economical access to the Opa Locka and Miami International Airports. There is Amtrak, Tri Rail and Metro Road station conveniently located with the city.
The Miami-Dade Public School System serves the city with 3 high schools, 4 middle schools, and 17 elementary schools. The Dade Christian School (Baptist) is the largest private school in the area and is a ministry of new Testament Baptist church.
Monsignor Edward Pace Hitch School, St John the Apostle School and Immaculate Conception School serve the primacy and secondary private school students.
Miami Dade College Hialeah Campus opened in 1980. In addition to academics there are many cultural and community events sponsored by the college.
The larges Santero Community outside of Cuba is in Hialeah, the Santeria World Headquarters. In a lawsuit between the Church of lukumi Babalu Aye v. city of Hialeah, the Santeria practice of animal sacrifice was ruled unconstitutional.
Telemoundo is the second largest Spanish language network. It is headquartered in Hialeah. There are several studios working taping programming, talk shows, news programs and telenovelas.
Hialeah is the densest city in the United State without a skyscraper. The city’s tallest building is 14 floors and is only considered a mid rise.
Sports enthusiasts can enjoy Major League Baseball. The Florida marlins and Minor League Baseball, the Jupiter hammerheads and the Palm Beach Cardinals play and hour and a half north in Jupiter, Florida. The hammerheads are a Class A Advanced affiliate of the Florida Marlins, and the cardinals are a Class A Advanced affiliate of the St Louis Cardinals.
The National basketball League Miamian Heat, The National football League Miami Dolphins and the national Hockey League Florida Panthers are all within a small driving distance of Hialeah. The United soccer League is represented by the First Division Miami FC and fans of college football will enjoy the fact that nearby Miami is the home of the Orange Bowl
Hialeah restaurants and bars are a mix of traditional Cuban and international fusion food. Asturias features a unique menu that combines traditional Spanish menu items like tapas which are small plates of different appetizers that are eaten as a meal, with an American influence. Cantina Okeechobee is known for their delicious margaritas and fajitas. At Caf?aul on Palm Avenue the Cuban coffee, sandwiches and pastries are extremely popular amount the locals.
Shopping centers and malls abound in and around Hialeah. Westland Mall, just off the Palmetto Expressway, is a popular shopping destination. Anchored by Macy’s JCPenny and Sears, Westland Mall features nearly 100 stores. There are also cafes and restaurants like Crepe’s Land and Havana Madrid Restaurant, Just up the street from Westland Mall is the Miracle Mille Shopping Center, whose stores include Ross, TJ Maxx and Lane Bryant. Across the street there is Burlington coat Factory and Marshall’s. Other nearby shopping malls includes mall of the Americas, Dolphin mall and Miami International Mall.
On the southeastern section of Hialeah is the historic district called Deer park. This tiny section of Hialeah is unique because its street names were probably borrowed from the natives who lived in the area. Per-na-na and To-to-loche are but a few of the interesting names.
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Posted in Politics | Tags: 6877#post6877, abject poverty, action, Agent, American, american indians, City, existence, extermination, First, food, glenn curtiss, Go, Government, government of spain, greyhound racing, hialeah fl, hialeah florida, hialeah florida tribes, hialeah seminole, hialeah seminole indians, hialeah seminoles, horseman, jai alai, legendary leaders, little seminole hialea fl, Machine, mainstream economy, medicine, Murdered, national manifestation, NY, Parries, pioneer, pioneer aviator, pretty prairie, Race, reputation, resistance, seminola hialeah, seminola of hialeah florida, seminola train station in hialeah, Seminole, seminole culture, seminole in hialeah, seminole indian tribe, seminole tribe of florida, seminole war, seminole wars, semonial tribe hialeah florida, simenola park in hialeah, fl, spain, spanish jai alai leagues, Spanish Language, spanish sport, spiritual, surrender, test, the, Upland, upland hispanic 2009, wilderness areas | No Comments »
Fairbanks, Alaska
www.ci.fairbanks.ak.us
Fairbanks (pronounced /frbks/) is a Home Rule City in and the borough seat of the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States.
Fairbanks is the largest city in the Interior region of Alaska, and second largest in the state behind Anchorage. It is the principal city of the Fairbanks, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of the Fairbanks North Star Borough and is the northernmost Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States.
According to 2008 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 35,132, and the Fairbanks metropolitan area’s population was 97,970. Fairbanks is home to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the oldest college in Alaska.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Topography
2.2 Surrounding municipalities
2.3 Climate
3 People and culture
3.1 Demographics
3.2 Media
3.3 Sports
4 Facilities, services, utilities, schools, and health care
5 Economy
5.1 Taxes
6 Transportation
6.1 Railroad
7 Points of interest
8 Sister Cities
9 Notes
10 References
11 Additional reading
12 External links
//
History
Main article: History of Fairbanks, Alaska
Captain E.T. Barnette founded Fairbanks in August 1901 while trying to set up a trading post at Tanacross (where the Tanana River crossed the Valdez-Eagle trail). But the steam boat Barnette was aboard, the Lavelle Young, ran aground and he was deposited seven miles (11 km) up the Chena River. Smoke from the steamer’s engines attracted some prospectors, and they met Barnette where he disembarked. The prospectors convinced Barnette to set up his trading post there. The city is named after Charles Fairbanks, a Republican senator from Indiana and later the 26th Vice President of the United States, serving in Theodore Roosevelt’s second term.
Felix Pedro discovered gold northeast of town in July 1902 and a swarm of new residents followed. Federal judge James Wickersham established government offices in Fairbanks the next year, helping to cement the quickly growing town as an important center of activity in Interior Alaska.
The Tanana Valley is an important agricultural center for Alaska, and during Fairbanks’ early days the vicinity of the town was a major producer of agricultural goods. Despite early efforts by groups like the Alaska Loyal League and the Tanana Valley Agriculture Association, and the editor of the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, W.F. Thompson, to encourage food production, agriculture in the area was never able to fully support the population, although it came close in the 1920s.
Geography
A winter panorama of downtown Fairbanks, as seen looking south from the Cushman Street bridge spanning the Chena River.
Topography
Fairbanks is located in the central Tanana Valley, straddling the Chena River near its confluence with the Tanana River. Immediately north of the city is a chain of hills that rises gradually until it reaches the White Mountains and the Yukon River. The southern border of the city is the Tanana River. South of the river is the Tanana Flats, an area of marsh and bog that stretches for more than 100 miles (160 km) until it rises into the Alaska Range, which is visible from Fairbanks on clear days. To the east and west are low valleys separated by ridges of hills up to 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level.
The Tanana Valley is crossed by many low streams and rivers that flow into the Tanana River. In Fairbanks, the Chena River flows southwest until it empties into the Tanana. Noyes Slough, which heads and foots off the Chena River, creates Garden Island, a district connected to the rest of Fairbanks by bridges and culverted roads.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 32.7 square miles (84.6 km); 31.9 square miles (82.5 km) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km) of it (2.48%) is water.
Surrounding municipalities
College
Fox
Two Rivers
Ester
Fort Wainwright
Fairbanks
Chena
Tanana River
North Pole
Climate
Fairbanks’ climate is usually classified as Subarctic climate (Kppen climate classification Dfc). Climate classification Dfc is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers, with most precipitation occurring in the summer. In Fairbanks, winter lasts from late September/early October until late April/early May. On average, the season’s first snow falls in Fairbanks on September 21, and the first inch of snow accumulates by October 8, on average. The snowpack is established by October 18, on average, and remains until May. Snow occasionally arrives early and in large amounts. On September 13, 1992, 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell in the city, bending trees still laden with fall leaves. That September also was one of the snowiest on record, as 24 inches (61 cm) fell, compared to an average of 2.2 inches in the month. Average winter low temperatures range from 15 F (26.1 C) to 25 F (31.7 C), but extremes can range from 50 F (10 C) to 60 F (51.1 C). In summer, temperatures typically range between 70 F (21 C) and 50 F (10 C); Fairbanks did not record a 90 F (32 C) temperature between 1994 and 2009. The highest recorded temperature in Fairbanks was 96 F (36 C), while the lowest was 62 F (52.2 C). The warmest year in Fairbanks was 1981, when the average annual temperature was 32.0 F (0.0 C). The coldest year was 1956, which averaged a low of 21.3 F (5.9 C).
These widely varying temperature extremes are due to three main factors: temperature inversions, daylight, and wind direction. In winter, Fairbanks’s low-lying location at the bottom of the Tanana Valley causes cold air to accumulate in and around the city. Warmer air rises to the tops of the hills north of Fairbanks, while the city itself experiences one of the biggest temperature inversions on Earth. Heating through sunlight is limited because of Fairbanks’s high-latitude location. At the winter solstice, Fairbanks experiences 3 hours and 43 minutes of sunlight. At the summer solstice, Fairbanks receives 21 hours and 49 minutes of direct sunlight; after sunset, twilight is bright enough to allow daytime activities. During winter, the direction of the wind also causes large temperature swings in Fairbanks. When the wind blows from any direction but the south, average weather ensues. Wind from the south can carry warm, moist air from the Gulf of Alaska, greatly warming temperatures. When coupled with a chinook wind, temperatures well above freezing often result.
In addition to the chinook wind, Fairbanks experiences a handful of other unusual meteorological conditions. In summer, dense wildfire smoke accumulates in the Tanana Valley, affecting the weather and causing health concerns. When temperature inversions arise in winter, heavy ice fog often results. Ice fog occurs when air is too cold to absorb additional moisture, such as that released by automobile engines or human breath. Instead of dissipating, the water freezes into microscopic crystals that are suspended in the air, creating fog. Fairbanks’ most notable unusual meteorological occurrence is the prevalence of the aurora borealis, commonly called the northern lights, which are visible on average more than 200 days per year in the vicinity of Fairbanks.
Since 1949 Fairbanks’s average winter temperature has risen by 7.7 F (4.3 C), average spring temperature by 3.8 F (2.1 C), and its average summer temperature by 2.3 F (1.3 C). During the same period, Fairbanks’ average autumn temperature has fallen by 0.4 F (0.2 C). If only the years 19772008 are considered, Fairbanks’ average annual temperature has dropped by 1.3 F (0.7 C) degrees.
Climate data for Fairbanks, Alaska
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high F (C)
50
(10)
47
(8)
56
(13)
74
(23)
89
(32)
96
(36)
94
(34)
93
(34)
84
(29)
72
(22)
49
(9)
44
(7)
96
(36)
Average high F (C)
-0.3
(-17.9)
8.0
(-13.3)
25.0
(-3.9)
43.6
(6.4)
60.6
(15.9)
70.9
(21.6)
73.0
(22.8)
66.3
(19.1)
54.3
(12.4)
31.4
(-0.3)
11.2
(-11.6)
3.3
(-15.9)
37.3
(2.9)
Average low F (C)
-19.0
(-28.3)
-15.6
(-26.4)
-2.7
(-19.3)
19.8
(-6.8)
36.9
(2.7)
48.5
(9.2)
51.9
(11.1)
46.2
(7.9)
34.7
(1.5)
15.6
(-9.1)
-6.6
(-21.4)
-15.2
(-26.2)
16.2
(-8.8)
Record low F (C)
-61
(-52)
-58
(-50)
-49
(-45)
-24
(-31)
-1
(-18)
30
(-1)
35
(2)
27
(-3)
3
(-16)
-27
(-33)
-46
(-43)
-62
(-52)
-62
(-52)
Precipitation inches (mm)
0.56
(14.2)
0.36
(9.1)
0.28
(7.1)
0.21
(5.3)
0.6
(15.2)
1.4
(35.6)
1.73
(43.9)
1.74
(44.2)
1.12
(28.4)
0.92
(23.4)
0.68
(17.3)
0.74
(18.8)
10.34
(262.6)
Snowfall inches (mm)
10.3
(261.6)
7.3
(185.4)
5.2
(132.1)
2.4
(61)
0.6
(15.2)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
2.2
(55.9)
12.3
(312.4)
13.6
(345.4)
14.1
(358.1)
68.0
(1,727.2)
Avg. snowy days
9
7
7
3
1
0
0
0
2
12
13
12
65
Avg. precipitation days
8
6
5
4
7
11
13
13
10
12
11
10
109
Source: October 2009
People and culture
Demographics
Historical populations
Census
Pop.
%
1910
3,541
1920
1,155
67.4%
1930
2,101
81.9%
1940
3,455
64.4%
1950
5,771
67.0%
1960
13,311
130.7%
1970
14,711
10.5%
1980
22,645
53.9%
1990
30,843
36.2%
2000
30,224
2.0%
Est. 2008
35,132
16.2%
source:
First monument to the first settlers in Fairbanks, Alaska
As of the census of 2000, there were 30,224 people, 11,075 households, and 7,187 families residing in the city. The population density was 948.7 people per square mile (366.3/km). There were 12,357 housing units at an average density of 387.9/sq mi (149.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 66.67% White, 13.10% Black or African American, 9.91% Native American, 2.72% Asian, 0.54% Pacific Islander, 2.45% from other races, and 6.57% from two or more races. 6.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 11,075 households, 39.9% had children under the age of 18, 47.2% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.15.
Median age of the population was 28 years, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 14.7% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was ,577, and the median income for a family was ,785. Males had a median income of ,539 versus ,577 for females. The per capita income for the city was ,814. About 7.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
Media
Fairbanks’ largest newspaper is the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, which also includes a weekly entertainment guide, Latitude 65. A few other periodicals also serve Fairbanks and the Fairbanks North Star Borough: The Ester Republic and the University of Alaska Fairbanks student newspaper, the Sun Star.
Fairbanks is also served by television and radio. Leading radio stations include AM Stations KFAR 660 talk radio, KCBF 820 ESPN Radio Network, KFBX 970 talk radio and KJNP 1170 religious radio. FM stations include 88.5 popular Christian, KUAC 89.9 National Public Radio, KSUA 91.5 University of Alaska, Fairbanks, KDJF (“CHET FM”) 93.5 everything country KXLR 95.9 classic rock KYSC 96.9 soft rock, KWLF 98.1-”Wolf 98.1″, top 40, KJNP-FM 100.3 religious radio, KAKQ-FM 101.1-”Magic 101.1″ pop music, KIAK-FM 102.5 country music, KTDZ 103.9-”K-TED” adult hits, and KKED 104.7 rock music.
Fairbanks’ major television affiliates are KATN (ABC)-(KIMO retransmission), KFXF (Fox), KUAC-TV (PBS)-”AlaskaONE” with some KMXT-only programming, KTVF (NBC), K13XD (CBS), and UHF station KDMD-LP-(i)-Fairbanks. Cable TV is available from GCI and Denali Television.
Sports
The Carlson Center is home to University of Alaska Fairbanks Nanooks men’s ice hockey, the Top of the World preseason college basketball tournament, and the Fairbanks Grizzlies, a professional arena football team in the Indoor Football League.
The Fairbanks Ice Dogs, a junior hockey team in the North American Hockey League, play at the Big Dipper Ice Arena.
The Alaska Goldpanners and the Fairbanks AIA Fire are summer collegiate baseball teams, playing home games at Growden Memorial Park. The park is home to the annual Midnight Sun game, an annual tradition since 1906, played without artificial lights starting after ten at night on the summer solstice.
Also, Fairbanks is a Hub for Cross-Country Skiing in Alaska. It’s hosted many different big ski events including the 2003 Junior Olympic Cross County Ski Championship and the 2008 and 2009 US Cross Country Distance Nationals It also has an annual 50k race called the Sonot Kkaazoot and the Fairbanks Town Series races which consists of four different races and the Chest Medicine Distance Series races which consists of only 3 races.
Fairbanks is also home to the Yukon Quest, an international 1,000 mile sled dog race that is considered one of the toughest in the world. In 2010, the Yukon Quest will start in Fairbanks on February 6th. The race alternates its starting and finishing points each year between Fairbanks, Alaska and Whitehorse, Yukon.
Facilities, services, utilities, schools, and health care
City water, sanitary sewer, and electric systems are operated by private entities. Water and sewage services are available at most locations within the city limits, but many residents lack them in the surrounding urbanized areas. Fifteen circulating pump stations distribute treated water throughout the greater Fairbanks area.
Electricity is provided by Golden Valley Electric Association. The Chena power site has four steam turbines fueled by coal and one oil-fueled electrical generator. Interior Alaska is not connected to the electrical grid of the contiguous United States and Canada, but a transmission line constructed in 1985 connects Fairbanks with power plants in the coal producing area of Healy and the Anchorage area. Fairbanks currently holds the world record for the largest rechargeable battery, which weighs approximately 1,300 tons. The battery was installed to help bridge the gaps that occur during frequent power outages. The battery will provide power for 7 minutes to about 12,000 homes.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks operates its own coal-fired generating station on campus, providing electricity and steam heat to university buildings.
Garbage collection services are provided in some areas of the city, although many Fairbanks residents must haul their own garbage to “transfer stations” where trash and garbage are picked up and taken to the dump. Collected refuse is hauled to the Class 1 Borough landfill on South Cushman Street. Garbage services are funded by a tax that is paid by resident property owners regardless of whether or not they are eligible for garbage collection services in their area. Fort Wainwright operates its own landfill.
The Fairbanks North Star Borough School District has a student enrollment of slightly over 14,000. There are both public and private schools. Most private schools are run by religious organizations (e.g., private Catholic schools).
Local hospitals or health clinics include Fairbanks Memorial Hospital; Interior Community Health Center; Chief Andrew Isaac Health Center; Bassett Army Community Hospital (Fort Wainwright). The hospitals are qualified acute-care facilities and support state-certified Medevac services. Specialized Care: FNA Regional Center for Alcohol & Other Addictions. Long Term Care: Fairbanks Pioneers’ Home; Denali Center.
Until 1996, telephone service was provided by the Municipal Utilities Service, a public company. In that year, telephone service was sold to Alaska Communications Systems, a private company. General Communications Inc. has competed against ACS in Fairbanks since 1997. Both companies offer mobile phone service in Fairbanks, as do national and local providers such as AT&T and Alaska DigiTel.
A pair of fiber optic cables provide long-distance telephone and Internet service. One parallels the Parks Highway and connects Fairbanks to Anchorage, while the other parallels the Richardson Highway and connects Fairbanks to Valdez. A third, spur fiber optic cable parallels the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and connects Fairbanks to Prudhoe Bay. Broadband Internet access is provided by GCI, ACS, and a handful of satellite Internet and wireless Internet services.
Fairbanks is classified as a small city. It is found in EMS Region 1C in the Interior Region. Emergency services have highway, airport, and floatplane access. Emergency service is provided by 9-1-1 telephone service, paid EMS service, volunteers, a health aide, and the military. Auxiliary health care is provided by Fairbanks Fire Department; Airport Fire Department; University Fire Department; Chena Goldstream Fire & Rescue; Steese Area Volunteer Fire; Guardian Flight Critical-Care Air Ambulance; Warbelow’s Air Ambulance; Fort Wainwright Fire/Emergency; Ester Volunteer Fire Department; North Star Volunteer Fire; and the City of North Pole Fire Department.
Economy
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As the regional service and supply center for the Alaska Interior,[citation needed] Fairbanks offers a diverse economy, including city, borough, state, and federal government services; and transportation, communication, manufacturing, financial, and regional medical services. Tourism and mining also comprise a significant part of the economy.[citation needed] Including Eielson Air Force Base and Fort Wainwright personnel, over one third of the employment is in government services. The University of Alaska Fairbanks is also a major employer. Approximately 325,000 tourists visit Fairbanks each summer. The Fort Knox hardrock gold mine produces 1,200 ounces daily with 360 permanent year-round employees.[citation needed]
Taxes
Sales: None
Property: 20.777 mills (7.171 city/13.606 borough areawide)
Special: 5% alcohol tax (city only); 16% tobacco tax (8% city/8% borough); 8% accommodations tax (city only)
Transportation
As the transportation hub for Interior Alaska, Fairbanks features extensive road, rail, and air connections to the rest of Alaska and Outside. At Fairbanks’ founding, the only way to reach the new city was via steamboat on the Chena River. In 1904, money intended to improve the Valdez-Eagle Trail was diverted to build a branch trail, giving Fairbanks its first overland connection to the outside world. The resulting Richardson Highway was created in 1910 after Gen. Wilds P. Richardson upgraded it to a wagon road. In the 1920s, it was improved further and made navigable by automobiles, but it was not paved until 1957.
Fairbanks’ road connections were improved in 1927, when the 161-mile (259 km) Steese Highway connected the city to the Yukon River at the gold-mining community of Circle. In 1942, the Alaska Highway connected the Richardson Highway to the Canadian road system, allowing road travel from the rest of the United States to Fairbanks, which is considered the unofficial end of the highway. Because of WWII, civilian traffic was not permitted on the highway until 1948.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a series of roads were built to connect Fairbanks to the oil fields of Prudhoe Bay. The Elliott Highway was built in 1957 to connect Fairbanks to Livengood, southern terminus of the Dalton Highway, which ends in Deadhorse on the North Slope. West of the Dalton intersection, the Elliott Highway extends to Manley Hot Springs on the Tanana River. To improve logistics in Fairbanks during construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, the George Parks Highway was built between Fairbanks and Anchorage in 1971.
Until 1940, none of Fairbanks’ surface streets were paved. The outbreak of WWII interrupted plans to pave most of the city’s roads, and a movement toward large-scale paving did not begin until 1953, when the city paved 30 blocks of streets. During the late 1950s and the 1960s, the remainder of the city’s streets were converted from gravel roads to asphalt surfaces. Few have been repaved since that time; a 2008 survey of city streets indicated the average age of a street in Fairbanks was 31 years.
Public transportation has been provided by the Metropolitan Area Commuter System, an agency of the borough government, since 1977. Bus service links much of the urban Fairbanks area, with most routes connecting at the downtown transit center.
Railroad
The Alaska Railroad provides regular freight and passenger service between Fairbanks and Southcentral Alaska towns.
After large-scale gold mining began north of Fairbanks, miners sought to build a railroad from the steamboat docks on the Chena River to the mine sites in the hills north of the city. The result was the Tanana Mines Railroad, which started operations in September 1905, using what had been the first steam locomotive in the Yukon Territory. In 1907, the railroad was reorganized and named the Tanana Valley Railroad. The railroad continued expanding until 1910, when the first gold boom began to falter and the introduction of automobiles into Fairbanks took business away from the railroad. Despite these problems, railroad backers envisioned a rail line extending from Fairbanks to Seward on the Gulf of Alaska, home to the Alaska Central Railway.
In 1914, the U.S. Congress appropriated million for construction of the Alaska Railroad system, but work was delayed by the outbreak of WWI. Three years later, the Alaska Railroad purchased the Tanana Valley Railroad, which had suffered from the wartime economic problems. Rail workers built a line extending northwest from Fairbanks, then south to Nenana, where President Warren G. Harding hammered in the ceremonial final spike in 1923. The rail yards of the Tanana Valley Railroad were converted for use by the Alaska Railroad, and Fairbanks became the northern end of the line and its second-largest depot.
From 1923 to 1994, the Alaska Railroad’s Fairbanks terminal was in downtown Fairbanks, just north of the Chena River. In May 2005, the Alaska Railroad opened a new terminal northwest of downtown, and that terminal is in operation today. In summer, the railroad operates tourist trains to and from Fairbanks, and it operates occasional passenger trains throughout the year. The majority of its business through Fairbanks is freight. The railroad is planning an expansion of the rail line from Fairbanks to connect the city via rail with Delta Junction, about 100 miles (160 km) southeast.
Points of interest
Creamer’s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge
El Dorado Gold Mine
Fairbanks Curling Club
Georgeson Botanical Garden
Gold Dredge No. 8
Robert G. White Large Animal Research Station
Pioneer Park
Riverboat Discovery
Sternwheeler Tanana Chief
University of Alaska Museum of the North
Sister Cities
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada[citation needed]
Aix-les-Bains, France
Erdenet, Mongolia
Fanano, Italy
Mo i Rana, Norway
Monbetsu, Japan (dormant)
Tainan City, Taiwan
Notes
^ a b “Annual Estimates of the Population for All Incorporated Places in Alaska” (CSV). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. July 1, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-04-02.csv. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
^ “Find a County”. National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template;=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, Census Bureau Factfinder, 2008. Accessed 2009-08-19.
^ “History of Fairbanks”.
^ Like a Tree to the Soil: A History of Farming in Alaska’s Tanana Valley, 1903 to 1940, by Josephine E. Papp and Josie A. Phillips
^ Fodor’s. “Alaska Range Overlook”, Fodors.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ a b U.S. Geological Survey. “Bulletin – United States Geological Survey, Issue 284″, U.S. Geological Survey. 1906. p. 110.
^ Geographic Names Information System. “Garden Island”, U.S. Geologic Survey. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ University of Melbourne. “World map of Kppen-Geiger climate classification”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 4, 2009.
^ Ritter, Michael E. “The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography”, University of Wisconsintevens Point. 2006. Accessed Oct. 4, 2009.
^ a b Shulski, p. 154
^ Staff Report. “Snow forecast for Fairbanks-area hills”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. September 22, 2009. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ Rozell, Ned. “Albedo change about to alter Alaska”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. September 27, 2009. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ a b Shulski, p. 153
^ Mowry, Tim. “Record high temperature recorded in Fairbanks”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. July 8, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ a b Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce. “Climate”, fairbankschamber.org. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. “Fairbanks International Airport, AK: Top ten warmest and coldest years”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. “Fairbanks weather”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Rozell, Ned. “Death of a Temperature Inversion”, Alaska Science Forum. Jan. 29, 2004. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Mowry, Tim. “Chinook brings record temperatures to Interior Alaska”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Jan. 16, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Mowry, Tim. “Wildfires send worst air of the summer across Fairbanks”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. July 31, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Staff Report. “Dense smoke cancels flights at Fairbanks airport”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Aug. 6, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Cole, Dermot. “Dispelling some foggy notions about ice fog, inversions and Fairbanks weather”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Jan. 4, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Garrett, Jerry. “The cold show in Fairbanks, Alaska”, The New York Times. March 2, 2007. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ a b Alaska Climate Research Center. “Temperature change in Alaska”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. “Temperature change in Alaska, 19772008″, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Shulski, p. 155
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. “Fairbanks International Airport, AK”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 4, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. “Number of Days with Snowfall”, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 3.
^ “Subcounty population estimates: Alaska 2000-2008″ (CSV). United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-07-01. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2008-2.csv. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
^ “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^
^ World’s biggest battery switched on in Alaska – Telegraph
^ UAF Facilities Services, Division of Utilities
^ Alaska Supreme Court. “Falke v. Fairbanks City Council”, touchngo.com. June 12, 1998. Accessed August 1, 2009.
^ a b GCI. “Company Overview”, GCI.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ AT&T Wireless. “Coverage Viewer”, wireless.att.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ Alaska DigiTel. “About Us”, akdigitel.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ Alaska Communications Systems. “Anchorage to Fairbanks Fiber”, acsalaska.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ GCI. “GCI to acquire majority control of fiber optic system”, GCI.com. February 21, 2001. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ Alaska Communications Systems. “ACS Personal Internet Service”, acsalaska.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ a b c
^ Hendrick, pp. 1415
^ Hendrick, p. 21
^ Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. “Richardson Highway north segment”, dot.state.ak.us. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. “Steese Highway”, Morris Magazine Network. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. “FAQ: Alaska Highway facts”, The Internet Archive. Sept. 29, 2007. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ a b The Milepost. “Elliott Highway”, Morris Magazine Network. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. “Dalton Highway”, Morris Magazine Network. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. “Parks Highway”, Morris Magazine Network. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Gold Rush Town, p. 114
^ Gold Rush Town, p. 165
^ Gold Rush Town, p. 178
^ Eshleman, Christopher. “Fairbanks sales tax proposal differs from previous attempts”, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Oct. 2, 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ a b Friends of the Tanana Valley Railroad. “History of the Tanana Valley Railroad”, fairnet.org. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ Clifford, Howard. Rails North: The railroads of Alaska and the Yukon. Superior Publishing Co., 1981. p. 76
^ a b c d The Alaska Railroad. “The Alaska Railroad – History”, akrr.com. Accessed August 9, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. “Railroad facilities”, akrr.com. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. “Report to the state of Alaska” (PDF), akrr.com. Jan. 2009. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. “Northern rail extension project”, northernrailextension.com. Accessed Oct. 7, 2009.
^ a b c
^
^
^
References
Cole, Dermot. Fairbanks: A Gold Rush Town that Beat the Odds. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1999. ISBN 9781602230309
Hedrick, Basil and Savage, Susan. Steamboats on the Chena. Fairbanks. Epicenter Press, 1988. ASIN B000OM7YIK
Shulski, Martha and Wendler, Gerd. The Climate of Alaska. University of Alaska Press, 2007. ISBN 9781602230071
Additional reading
Boswell, John. History of Alaskan Operations of United States Smelting, Refining, and Mining Company. Fairbanks. University of Alaska, Mineral Industries Research Laboratory, 1979.
Cashen, William. Farthest North College President. Charles E. Bunnell and the Early History of the University of Alaska. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1972.
Cloe, John and Monaghan, Michael. Top Cover for America. Missoula, Montana. Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1984.
Cole, Terrence. The Cornerstone on College Hill: An Illustrated History of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1994.
Cooley, Richard. Fairbanks, Alaska: A Survey of Progress. Juneau. Alaska Development Board, June 1954.
Davis, Neil. The College Hill Chronicles: How the University of Alaska Came of Age. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Foundation, 1992.
Dixon, Mim. What Happened to Fairbanks? The Effects of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline on the Community of Fairbanks, Alaska. Boulder, Colorado. Westview Press, 1978.
Kirchner, L.D. Flag Over the North, The Story of the Northern Commercial Company. Seattle. Superior Publishing Company, 1954.
Kruse, John A. Fairbanks Community Survey. Fairbanks. Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1976.
Movius, Phyllis. The Role of Women in the Founding and Development of Fairbanks, Alaska, 1903-1923. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1996.
Naske, Claus, and Rowinski, L.J. Fairbanks: A Pictoral History. Virginia Beach, Virginia. The Donning Company, 1981.
Patty, Ernest. North Country Challenge. New York. David McKay, 1949.
Potter, Jean. Alaska Under Arms. New York. Macmillan, 1942.
Potter, Jean. The Flying North. New York. Macmillan, 1947.
Rickard, T.A. Through the Yukon and Alaska. San Francisco. Mining and Scientific Press, 1909.
Robe, Cecil. The Penetration of an Alaskan Frontier, The Tanana Valley and Fairbanks. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1943.
Wickersham, James. Old Yukon. Washington, D.C. Washington Law Book Co., 1938.
Wold, Jo Anne. This Old House. Anchorage. Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., 1976.
Wold, Jo Anne. Fairbanks: The 0 Million Gold Rush Town. Fairbanks. Wold Press, 1971.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fairbanks, Alaska
Fairbanks official website
Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce
Fairbanks Convention and Visitors Bureau
National Weather Service Fairbanks office
Fairbanks travel guide from Wikitravel
Fairbanks, Alaska at the Open Directory Project
v d e
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Unincorporated
communities
Chatanika | Chena Hot Springs
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